Description

Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones, primarily thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones regulate metabolism, energy production, and many other essential bodily functions. Causes of Hypothyroidism Autoimmune Disease (Hashimoto’s Thyroiditis) – The most common cause, where the immune system attacks the thyroid. Thyroid Surgery or Radiation – Removal of part or all of the thyroid gland. Iodine Deficiency – Rare in developed countries due to iodized salt. Medications – Such as lithium, amiodarone, or certain cancer treatments. Pituitary or Hypothalamic Disorders – Affecting TSH (thyroid-stimulating hormone) production. Congenital Hypothyroidism – Babies born with an underactive thyroid. Symptoms of Hypothyroidism Symptoms develop slowly and may include: Fatigue & sluggishness Weight gain Cold intolerance Dry skin & hair Constipation Muscle weakness & joint pain Depression & memory problems Slow heart rate (bradycardia) Hoarse voice Heavy or irregular menstrual periods Puffy face (myxedema in severe cases)

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