Description

A fistula is an abnormal connection or passageway that forms between two organs, vessels, or structures that normally do not connect. Fistulas can develop due to injury, infection, inflammation, surgery, or chronic medical conditions. Common Types of Fistulas: Anal Fistula – Connects the anal canal to the skin near the anus, often due to an abscess. Enterocutaneous Fistula – Forms between the intestine and the skin, sometimes after surgery. Vesicovaginal Fistula (VVF) – Abnormal connection between the bladder and vagina, leading to urinary leakage. Rectovaginal Fistula – Connects the rectum and vagina, causing stool to pass into the vagina. Arteriovenous Fistula (AV Fistula) – An intentional or abnormal connection between an artery and vein, often created for dialysis access. Enterovesical Fistula – Links the intestine and bladder, leading to gas or stool in urine. Causes: Infections (e.g., abscesses, tuberculosis) Inflammatory diseases (e.g., Crohn’s disease, diverticulitis) Trauma or surgery complications Radiation therapy Cancer or tumors Symptoms: Drainage of pus, stool, or urine from an abnormal opening Pain, swelling, or recurrent infections Foul-smelling discharge Leakage of urine or feces into the vagina (in vaginal fistulas)

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